Please note: the results below are estimates based on current (limited) understanding of the impact process and come with large uncertainties; they should be used with caution, particularly in the case of peculiar input parameters. All values are given to three significant figures but this does not reflect the precision of the estimate. For more information about the uncertainty associated with our calculations and a full discussion of this program, please refer to this article
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Your Inputs:
- Distance from Impact: 100.00 km ( = 62.10 miles )
- Projectile diameter: 200.00 meters ( = 656.00 feet )
- Projectile Density: 22500 kg/m3
- Impact Velocity: 17.00 km per second ( = 10.60 miles per second )
- Impact Angle: 45 degrees
- Target Density: 2500 kg/m3
- Target Type: Sedimentary Rock
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Energy:
- Energy before atmospheric entry: 1.36 x 1019 Joules = 3.25 x 103 MegaTons TNT
- The average interval between impacts of this size somewhere on Earth during the last 4 billion years is 1.0 x 105years
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Major Global Changes:
- The Earth is not strongly disturbed by the impact and loses negligible mass.
- The impact does not make a noticeable change in the tilt of Earth's axis (< 5 hundreths of a degree).
- The impact does not shift the Earth's orbit noticeably.
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Atmospheric Entry:
- The projectile lands intact, with a velocity 16.9 km/s = 10.5 miles/s.
- The energy lost in the atmosphere is 1.02 x 1017 Joules = 2.44 x 101 MegaTons.
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Crater Dimensions:
- What does this mean?
- Transient Crater Diameter:
5.89 km ( = 3.66 miles )
- Transient Crater Depth: 2.08 km ( = 1.29 miles )
- Final Crater Diameter:
7.46 km ( = 4.63 miles )
- Final Crater Depth: 542 meters ( = 1780 feet )
- The crater formed is a complex crater.
- The volume of the target melted or vaporized is 0.0851 km3 = 0.0204 miles3
- Roughly half the melt remains in the crater, where its average thickness is 3.12 meters ( = 10.2 feet ).
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Thermal Radiation:
- What does this mean?
- Time for maximum radiation: 281 milliseconds after impact
- Visible fireball radius: 3.98 km ( = 2.47 miles )
- The fireball appears 9.04 times larger than the sun
- Thermal Exposure: 5.11 x 105 Joules/m2
- Duration of Irradiation: 1.03 minutes
- Radiant flux (relative to the sun): 8.25
- Effects of Thermal Radiation:
Much of the body suffers first degree burns
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Seismic Effects:
- What does this mean?
The major seismic shaking will arrive approximately 20 seconds after impact.- Richter Scale Magnitude: 6.9
- Mercalli Scale Intensity at a distance of 100 km:
VI. Felt by all, many frightened. Some heavy furniture moved; a few instances of fallen plaster. Damage slight.
VII. Damage negligible in buildings of good design and construction; slight to moderate in well-built ordinary structures; considerable damage in poorly built or badly designed structures; some chimneys broken.
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Ejecta:
- What does this mean?
The ejecta will arrive approximately 2.4 minutes after the impact.- At your position there is a fine dusting of ejecta with occasional larger fragments
- Average Ejecta Thickness: 1.08 cm ( = 0.424 inches )
- Mean Fragment Diameter: 4.67 cm ( = 1.84 inches )
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Air Blast:
- What does this mean?
The air blast will arrive approximately 5.05 minutes after impact.- Peak Overpressure: 16100 Pa = 0.161 bars = 2.28 psi
- Max wind velocity: 35.5 m/s = 79.4 mph
- Sound Intensity: 84 dB (Loud as heavy traffic)
- Damage Description:
Glass windows will shatter.
Tell me more...
Click here for a pdf document that details the observations, assumptions, and equations upon which this program is based. It
describes our approach to quantifying the important impact processes that might affect the people, buildings, and landscape in the
vicinity of an impact event and discusses the uncertainty in our predictions. The processes included are: atmospheric entry, impact
crater formation, fireball expansion and thermal radiation, ejecta deposition, seismic shaking, and the propagation of the atmospheric
blast wave.
Recent improvements in the airblast calculation are described here.
Earth Impact Effects Program Copyright 2004, Robert Marcus, H.J. Melosh, and G.S. Collins
These results come with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY