Earth Impact Effects Program

Gareth Collins, H. Jay Melosh and Robert Marcus

Chelyabinsk Fireball, Russia 2013

Projectile Diameter: 22 m
Projectile Density: rock (3300 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 19 km/s
Impact Angle: 20 degrees
Target Type: Sedimentary Rock

Meteor Crater, USA

Projectile Diameter: 40 m
Projectile Density: iron (8000 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 20 km/s
Impact Angle: 45 degrees
Target Type: Sedimentary Rock

Tunguska Fireball, Siberia 1908

Projectile Diameter: 60 m
Projectile Density: rock (2700 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 20 km/s
Impact Angle: 45 degrees
Target Type: Sedimentary Rock

Ries Crater, Germany

Projectile Diameter: 1500 m
Projectile Density: rock (2700 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 20 km/s
Impact Angle: 30 degrees
Target Type: Crystalline Rock

Chesapeake Bay, USA

Projectile Diameter: 2300 m
Projectile Density: rock (2700 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 20 km/s
Impact Angle: 45 degrees
Target Type: Water, depth 300 m

Chicxulub, Mexico

Projectile Diameter: 17500 m
Projectile Density: rock (2700 kg/m3)
Impact Velocity: 20 km/s
Impact Angle: 45 degrees
Target Type: Water, depth 100 m