Earth Impact Effects Program

Robert Marcus, H. Jay Melosh, and Gareth Collins

Please note: the results below are estimates based on current (limited) understanding of the impact process and come with large uncertainties; they should be used with caution, particularly in the case of peculiar input parameters. All values are given to three significant figures but this does not reflect the precision of the estimate. For more information about the uncertainty associated with our calculations and a full discussion of this program, please refer to this article

Your Inputs:

Distance from Impact: 4700.00 km ( = 2920.00 miles )
Projectile diameter: 3480.00 km ( = 2160.00 miles )
Projectile Density: 3346 kg/m3
Impact Velocity: 72.00 km per second ( = 44.70 miles per second ) (Your chosen velocity is higher than the maximum for an object orbiting the sun)
Impact Angle: 45 degrees
Target Density: 2500 kg/m3
Target Type: Sedimentary Rock

Energy:

Energy before atmospheric entry: 1.91 x 1032 Joules = 4.56 x 1016 MegaTons TNT
The average interval between impacts of this size is longer than the Earth's age.
Such impacts could only occur during the accumulation of the Earth, between 4.5 and 4 billion years ago.

Major Global Changes:

The Earth is strongly disturbed by the impact, but loses little mass.
100.00 percent of the Earth is melted
Depending on the direction and location the collision, the impact may make a very small change in the tilt of Earth's axis (< half a degree).
Depending on the direction and location of impact, the collision may cause a change in the length of the day of up to 81.3 hours.
The impact does not shift the Earth's orbit noticeably.

Crater Dimensions:

What does this mean?


Transient Crater Diameter: 12000 km ( = 7430 miles )
Transient Crater Depth: 4230 km ( = 2630 miles )

Ejecta:

What does this mean?


Your position was inside the transient crater and ejected upon impact