Please note: the results below are estimates based on current (limited) understanding of the impact process and come with large uncertainties; they should be used with caution, particularly in the case of peculiar input parameters. All values are given to three significant figures but this does not reflect the precision of the estimate. For more information about the uncertainty associated with our calculations and a full discussion of this program, please refer to this article
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Your Inputs:
- Distance from Impact: 100.00 km ( = 62.10 miles )
- Projectile diameter: 3.00 meters ( = 9.84 feet )
- Projectile Density: 13000 kg/m3
- Impact Velocity: 78000.00 km per second ( = 48400.00 miles per second )
(Your chosen velocity is higher than the maximum for an object orbiting the sun)
- Impact Angle: 90 degrees
- Target Density: 2750 kg/m3
- Target Type: Crystalline Rock
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Energy:
- Energy before atmospheric entry: NaN x 10NaN Joules = 1.34 x 105 MegaTons TNT
- The average interval between impacts of this size somewhere on Earth during the last 4 billion years is 9.7 x 105years
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Major Global Changes:
- The Earth is not strongly disturbed by the impact and loses negligible mass.
- The impact does not make a noticeable change in the tilt of Earth's axis (< 5 hundreths of a degree).
- The impact does not shift the Earth's orbit noticeably.
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Atmospheric Entry:
- The projectile begins to breakup at an altitude of 121000 meters = 396000 ft
- The projectile bursts into a cloud of fragments at an altitude of 36000 meters = 118000 ft
- The residual velocity of the projectile fragments after the burst is 71600 km/s = 44500 miles/s
- The energy of the airburst is 8.74 x 1019 Joules = 2.09 x 104 MegaTons.
- Large fragments strike the surface and may create a crater strewn field. A more careful treatment of atmospheric entry is required to accurately estimate the size-frequency distribution of meteoroid fragments and predict the number and size of craters formed.
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Air Blast:
- What does this mean?
The air blast will arrive approximately 5.37 minutes after impact.- Peak Overpressure: 79900 - 160000 Pa = 0.799 - 1.6 bars = 11.3 - 22.7 psi
- Max wind velocity: 145 m/s = 325 mph
- Sound Intensity: 98 dB (May cause ear pain)
- Damage Description:
Multistory wall-bearing buildings will collapse.
Wood frame buildings will almost completely collapse.
Glass windows will shatter.
Up to 90 percent of trees blown down; remainder stripped of branches and leaves.
Tell me more...
Click here for a pdf document that details the observations, assumptions, and equations upon which this program is based. It
describes our approach to quantifying the important impact processes that might affect the people, buildings, and landscape in the
vicinity of an impact event and discusses the uncertainty in our predictions. The processes included are: atmospheric entry, impact
crater formation, fireball expansion and thermal radiation, ejecta deposition, seismic shaking, and the propagation of the atmospheric
blast wave.
Recent improvements in the airblast calculation are described here.
Earth Impact Effects Program Copyright 2004, Robert Marcus, H.J. Melosh, and G.S. Collins
These results come with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY